This study focuses on the role of ClimateSmart Agriculture (CSA) in rural economic development in China and its impact on sustainable innovation. Under the dual pressures of global climate change and food security, CSA has gained widespread attention as a comprehensive strategy that enhances agricultural productivity, strengthens climate resilience, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. As a major agricultural country, China has extensively implemented CSA through policy promotion and technological innovation, fostering sustainable agricultural development and diversification of rural economies. However, the promotion of CSA in China still faces challenges such as regional resource disparities, high implementation costs, and difficulties in disseminating technologies. By analyzing the implementation of CSA in different regions of China, this study explores its impact on rural livelihoods, environmental sustainability, and economic growth, aiming to fill existing research gaps and provide empirical support for policy-making. The study contributes to achieving China's longterm goals of sustainable agriculture and rural development.